作者归档：darren

Enterprise-level Database Backup Solutions

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Huan Meng

College of Computer Science and Technology

Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Abstract

I offer the factors to be considered in developing backup program, analyze the backup solutions of major database software, including Oracle, SQL Server, Sybase, Informix and MySQL and provide backup strategy of these databases to help enterprises learn how to select their own database backup program and how to manage and maintain their database systems.

Introduction

In today’s developed field of information, what can reflect the preciousness of value is neither computer software, nor computer hardware, but the variety of valuable data in computer. However, a variety of factors such as human error, hard disk damaged, computer virus, every kind of power outages, or natural disasters are likely to make the use of data become insecure. It’s critical for every company to develop an appropriate data backup system to protect their data.

According to specialized research data, the loss of each 10MB of data will result in the loss of up to $5000. Moreover, if the lost critical data is still not restored within 10 days, then the company will be in trouble, or even likely to be serious consequences. So, as the computer system is increasingly becoming an indispensable business data carrier, how to use data backup to ensure data security has become a current important field of research and applications.

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XML Encryption and Decryption for Element

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Huan Meng

XML Encryption and Decryption for Element

1. Encryption function

public static org.w3c.dom.Element EncryptElement(
final String strTagNameOfElementToEncrypt,
final org.w3c.dom.Element elemParent) throws Exception {
org.apache.xml.security.Init.init();

String strEncryptionAlgorithm = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.AES_128;

String strEncryptionAlgorithmProvider = null;

String strEncryptionDigestAlgorithm = org.apache.xml.security.utils.Constants.ALGO_ID_DIGEST_SHA1;

String strEncryptionKeyGeneratorAlgorithm = “AES”;

String strEncryptionKeyGeneratorAlgorithmProvider = null;

int nEncryptionKeyGeneratorSize = 128;

String strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithm = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.RSA_OAEP;

String strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithmProvider = null;

final org.w3c.dom.Element domParent =elemParent;
final org.w3c.dom.Document domDocument = domParent.getOwnerDocument();
final org.w3c.dom.NodeList nlToEncrypts = domParent
.getElementsByTagName(strTagNameOfElementToEncrypt);
if (null == nlToEncrypts) {
final String strErrorMessage = “org.w3c.dom.Element.getElementsByTagNameNS unexpectedly returned null”;
// XMLSecurityApacheExtension.log.error(strErrorMessage);
return null;
}

if (1 != nlToEncrypts.getLength()) {
final String strErrorMessage = “org.w3c.dom.Element.getElementsByTagNameNS unexpectedly returned “
+ nlToEncrypts.getLength() + ” nodes”;
// XMLSecurityApacheExtension.log.error(strErrorMessage);
return null;
}
final org.w3c.dom.Element domToEncrypt = (org.w3c.dom.Element) nlToEncrypts
.item(0);
final org.w3c.dom.Element domTempParent = domDocument
.createElement(“Parent”);
final org.w3c.dom.Element domTempToEncrypt = (org.w3c.dom.Element) domTempParent
.appendChild(domToEncrypt.cloneNode(true));

String pass=”123456″;
FileInputStream in=new FileInputStream(“C:\\Users\\mina\\tomcat.keystore”);
KeyStore ks=KeyStore.getInstance(“JKS”);
ks.load(in,pass.toCharArray());
java.security.cert.Certificate cert=ks.getCertificate(“tomcat”);

final X509Certificate certificate = (X509Certificate)cert;
// final String certificate = “MIIEsjCCApoCAQAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQAwga8xCzAJBgNV

BAYTAkNIMQ8wDQYDVQQIEwZadXJpY2gxDzANBgNVBAcTBlp1

cmljaDEhMB8GA1UEChMYQWJoaUNlcnRpZmljYXRlQXV0aG9ya

XR5MRUwEwYDVQQLEwxGaXJzdFR5cGUgQ0ExITAfBgNVBAMT

GEFiaGlDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZUF1dGhvcml0eTEhMB8GCSqGSIb3DQ

EJARYSYWJzQHp1cmljaC5pYm0uY29tMB4XDTA3MDUwNzEzMD

AwNloXDTA3MDgxNTEzMDAwNlowgY0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAkNIMQ

8wDQYDVQQIEwZadXJpY2gxDzANBgNVBAcTBlp1cmljaDEQMA4G

A1UEChMHSUJNIFpSTDESMBAGA1UECxMJYWJoaSB0ZXN0MRM

wEQYDVQQDEwphYmhpbGFwdG9wMSEwHwYJKoZIhvcNAQkBFhJ

hYmhpQGNzYWlsLm1pdC5lZHUwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA

4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQCskkmbBSXMRT9FuoE+hn0XvSKCJhedXG6kt

gnjqODbDXlWHqDW+Jxj/N7CD1Nxry0lIsKNVcgJ8QXpX21aTDH3lMg

dAZVyQYkVA24fGolV6fRFSybwaZ5/IxTW3H29wiZJhSKii5jSFfA/XPDTE

FucT6u4VWR81dXCtd528T4vMXbF+QuWhfn5u5MZBncsWZr9YC5cKeV

5Z6/qx9LpnfjHKeTNAlscv93YDYavkKt6kJX6hV/zZ3bIiJ90RxUE8UiVbY

5PORRfY7uHU+Ga0MTbOj0Y0VGr++DQfrYDm1Prm0IRWFm4pjkNRZT

mEZRxDtJ+IbNFfQC/SrcCSwO+e+odAgMBAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEB

QADggIBAMVyOhAHcw4iZnsjneSFWLSveEutSicl6nzjL7rRm9vQjZYna4V

CYlUnnoCQoqms82KKxYohlvU1zFS90x7xKE5Of20NPIfzFSuUsxBQOtsDt

o+DCPoAAk3HmXcUQS/l2ZGJPeL4W6FEJrx4ewwMdN5LnrtqbaBMGJP

onDWYqQHv+kPyc0a8djq3C3vFN1MfYIVSMDser7NLqgdqKjNKP00Keui

WoN72c5bgsRl+/S+QuVaZAgLkOVzN4r3RX+jIZe2TJgYzOlCuUC8/PFnF

LGcukpIv2aUzGXx8mc7yhboInwbBlleN6xJnDWLwRivA9Tf6WrymH1L6K

jPBBIFq9S17dXQyFRGy0BNVHaLEu3jBk8nv0cnrjI2bCBiH9rxnmqrq5VU

y0gCHxlnNNKDx7cyf98/BlbtKh43t9gb3goaKUSYWO8mkA6eT6AAIpjCW

FP+K8Y3R4T9jhXBfCROTa/fpzKtN9uIMMgV6oKTwnB+ATEhGhkzkSfny

mz5H0orYA2gkU8OimcZCQTAtSLkXyiyE8u3O61vR5SEyb2diVIdCkqwK8

dQT4NMX2LZwsXULUV7z8fclKlvImC++r1DwBDsVtbwwlE9DxviL9sBtS2

MG+oZmYA0YwrIOqOvnjI7avxFV7MzzOWRC+06WNJAnHVlFCdiR1b9

Q7kteqDZ0RxzC”;

//org.eclipse.higgins.sts.utilities.CertificateHelper
//.fromString(strCertificate);

javax.crypto.KeyGenerator keyGenerator = null;
if (null == strEncryptionKeyGeneratorAlgorithmProvider)
keyGenerator = javax.crypto.KeyGenerator.getInstance(“AES”);
//.getInstance(“strEncryptionKeyGeneratorAlgorithm”);
else
keyGenerator = javax.crypto.KeyGenerator.getInstance(
“strEncryptionKeyGeneratorAlgorithm”,
strEncryptionKeyGeneratorAlgorithmProvider);
keyGenerator.init(nEncryptionKeyGeneratorSize);
final javax.crypto.SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
final java.security.PublicKey publicKeyRP = certificate.getPublicKey();
org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher keyCipher = null;
if (null == strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithmProvider)
keyCipher = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher
.getInstance(strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithm);
else
keyCipher = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher
.getProviderInstance(strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithm,
strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithmProvider);
keyCipher.init(org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.WRAP_MODE,
publicKeyRP);
final org.apache.xml.security.keys.KeyInfo keyInfoKey = new org.apache.xml.security.keys.KeyInfo(
domDocument);
final java.security.MessageDigest mdSha1 = java.security.MessageDigest
.getInstance(“SHA-1”);
final byte[] byteThumbPrint = mdSha1.digest(certificate.getEncoded());
final org.w3c.dom.Document domParentDocument = domParent
.getOwnerDocument();
final org.w3c.dom.Element domSTR = domParentDocument
.createElementNS(
“http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd“,
“SecurityTokenReference”);
final org.w3c.dom.Element domKeyIdentifier = domParentDocument
.createElementNS(
“http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd“,
“KeyIdentifier”);
domKeyIdentifier
.setAttribute(
“ValueType”,
“http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/oasis-wss-soap-message-security-1.1#ThumbprintSHA1“);
domKeyIdentifier
.setAttribute(
“EncodingType”,
“http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0#Base64Binary“);
String strThumbprint = org.apache.xml.security.utils.Base64
.encode(byteThumbPrint);
// org.eclipse.higgins.sts.utilities.XMLHelper.setTextContent(
// domKeyIdentifier, strThumbprint);
domKeyIdentifier.setTextContent(strThumbprint);
domSTR.appendChild(domKeyIdentifier);
keyInfoKey.addUnknownElement(domSTR);
final org.apache.xml.security.encryption.EncryptedKey encryptedKey = keyCipher
.encryptKey(domDocument, secretKey);
encryptedKey.setKeyInfo(keyInfoKey);
final org.apache.xml.security.encryption.EncryptionMethod encryptionMethod = encryptedKey
.getEncryptionMethod();
final org.w3c.dom.Element elemDigestMethod = domDocument
.createElementNS(
org.apache.xml.security.utils.Constants.SignatureSpecNS,
“DigestMethod”);
elemDigestMethod
.setAttribute(“Algorithm”, strEncryptionDigestAlgorithm);
encryptionMethod.addEncryptionMethodInformation(elemDigestMethod);
org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher xmlCipher = null;
if (null == strEncryptionAlgorithmProvider)
xmlCipher = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher
.getInstance(strEncryptionAlgorithm);
else
xmlCipher = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher
.getProviderInstance(strEncryptionAlgorithm,
strEncryptionAlgorithmProvider);
xmlCipher.init(
org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.ENCRYPT_MODE,
secretKey);
final org.apache.xml.security.encryption.EncryptedData encryptedData = xmlCipher
.getEncryptedData();
final org.apache.xml.security.keys.KeyInfo keyInfoEncryption = new org.apache.xml.security.keys.KeyInfo(
domDocument);
keyInfoEncryption.add(encryptedKey);
encryptedData.setKeyInfo(keyInfoEncryption);
System.out.println(“do final, encrypt the Element”);
//xmlCipher.doFinal(domDocument, domTempToEncrypt, false);
xmlCipher.doFinal(domDocument, domTempToEncrypt,false);
final org.w3c.dom.NodeList nlEncryptedData = domTempParent
.getElementsByTagNameNS(
org.apache.xml.security.utils.EncryptionConstants.EncryptionSpecNS,
“EncryptedData”);
if (1 != nlEncryptedData.getLength()) {
throw new Exception(“One EncryptedData Not Found!”);
}
org.w3c.dom.Element domEncryptedData = (org.w3c.dom.Element) nlEncryptedData
.item(0);
System.out.println(“********************”+domEncryptedData.getNodeType());
// org.eclipse.higgins.sts.utilities.XMLHelper
// .stripNewLinesFromElement((org.w3c.dom.Element) nlEncryptedData
// .item(0));
domParent.replaceChild(domEncryptedData, domToEncrypt);

System.out.println(“encrypt:”+domEncryptedData);
// org.w3c.dom.Element elemResult = null;
// elemResult.set(domParent);
return domParent;
//return domEncryptedData;
}
//**************

2. Decryption function

public static org.w3c.dom.Element DecryptElement
(final org.w3c.dom.Element elemEncryptedData,
final PrivateKey privateKey) throws Exception
{
String strEncryptionAlgorithm = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.AES_128;

String strEncryptionAlgorithmProvider = null;

String strEncryptionKeyGeneratorAlgorithm = “AES”;

// int nEncryptionKeyGeneratorSize = 128;

String strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithm = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.RSA_OAEP;

String strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithmProvider = null;

//XMLSecurityApacheExtension.log.trace(“DecryptElement”);

final org.w3c.dom.Element domEncryptedData = elemEncryptedData;
final org.w3c.dom.NodeList nlEncryptedKey = domEncryptedData.getElementsByTagNameNS
(org.apache.xml.security.utils.EncryptionConstants.EncryptionSpecNS,
org.apache.xml.security.utils.EncryptionConstants._TAG_ENCRYPTEDKEY);
if (null == nlEncryptedKey)
{
//XMLSecurityApacheExtension.log.trace(“No EncryptedKey found (getElementsByTagName returned null)”);
}
else if (0 == nlEncryptedKey.getLength())
{
//XMLSecurityApacheExtension.log.trace(“No EncryptedKey found (0 == getLength())”);
}
else
{
final org.w3c.dom.Document domDocument = domEncryptedData.getOwnerDocument();
final org.w3c.dom.Element elemEncryptedKey = (org.w3c.dom.Element)nlEncryptedKey.item(0);
final org.w3c.dom.NodeList nlKeyEncryptionMethod = elemEncryptedKey.getElementsByTagNameNS
(org.apache.xml.security.utils.EncryptionConstants.EncryptionSpecNS,
org.apache.xml.security.utils.EncryptionConstants._TAG_ENCRYPTIONMETHOD);
String strKeyEncryptionMethod = null;
if (null == nlKeyEncryptionMethod)
{
//XMLSecurityApacheExtension.log.trace(“No EncryptionMethod found”);
strKeyEncryptionMethod = strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithm;
}
else if (0 == nlKeyEncryptionMethod.getLength())
{
//XMLSecurityApacheExtension.log.trace(“No EncryptionMethod found”);
strKeyEncryptionMethod = strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithm;
}
else
{
final org.w3c.dom.Element elemKeyEncryptionMethod = (org.w3c.dom.Element)nlKeyEncryptionMethod.item(0);
strKeyEncryptionMethod = elemKeyEncryptionMethod.getAttribute(org.apache.xml.security.utils.EncryptionConstants._ATT_ALGORITHM);
}
org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher keyCipher = null;
if (null == strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithmProvider)
keyCipher = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.getInstance
(strKeyEncryptionMethod);
else
keyCipher = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.getProviderInstance
(strKeyEncryptionMethod,
strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithmProvider);
keyCipher.init
(org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.UNWRAP_MODE,
privateKey);
final org.apache.xml.security.encryption.EncryptedKey encryptedKey = keyCipher.loadEncryptedKey
(domDocument,
elemEncryptedKey);
final java.security.Key keySecret = keyCipher.decryptKey
(encryptedKey,
strEncryptionKeyWrapAlgorithm);//用私钥去解密出对称密钥

final javax.crypto.SecretKey secretKey = (javax.crypto.SecretKey)keySecret;//对称密钥
final byte [] encodedSecretKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
final javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec
(encodedSecretKey, strEncryptionKeyGeneratorAlgorithm);//AES类型的密钥
org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher xmlCipher = null;
if (null == strEncryptionAlgorithmProvider)
xmlCipher = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.getInstance
(strEncryptionAlgorithm);
else
xmlCipher = org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.getProviderInstance
(strEncryptionAlgorithm,
strEncryptionAlgorithmProvider);
xmlCipher.init
(org.apache.xml.security.encryption.XMLCipher.DECRYPT_MODE,
secretKeySpec);
final org.w3c.dom.Document domResultDocument = xmlCipher.doFinal
(domDocument,
domEncryptedData,
false);
// final org.eclipse.higgins.sts.api.IElement elemResult = new org.eclipse.higgins.sts.common.Element();
// elemResult.set
// (domResultDocument.getDocumentElement());
return domResultDocument.getDocumentElement();
}
return null;
}

T.I.M.E. European Summer School(TESS) Essays

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Essays resources for different topics:

Topic list:

Assignment 1:

Create your own alternative indicator!
1. Pick 3 countries (1 developed, 1 transition and 1 developing country)
2. Generate your own alternative indicator! Select a couple of indicators you
think to be relevant from the World Bank Database(http://data.worldbank.org/indicator), and combine them as you see fit (add, subtract, multiply, etc.) to generate your indicator.
3. Plot the % change in your indicator for 3 years and compare it to the % change in GDP.
4. Explain your results.

Assignment 2:

Can you provide examples and related explanation of local policies for managing sustainability?

Assignment 3:

How, according to you, could we deal with inequality regarding mitigation and adaptation ?

Assignment 4:

What are the major stakes and stakeholders for universities? How can universities develop real Social Responsibility policies? Which activities could be undertaken, should be prioritized? How far do you think this can influence students in their future lives – as workers and as citizens?

Assignment 5:

My lecture provides a broad picture on the transformation problem related to climate change. Depending on your academic background and/or your knowledge interest you may select a point of departure – based on the lecture ‐ for your discussion on the structural transformation necessary and/or inevitable ahead of us:
* you can eg discuss the macro economic transformation problem (starting from section 6 in the lecture)
* or you can discuss structural problems more in depth (starting from section 7 in the lecture)
* or analyze the transformation challenge with focus on a certain industrial sector (or a set of interrelated scetors/industries) inspired by section 8 in the lecture
* you are also allowed to provide a more critical reflection to the approach in the lecture: is it possible to transform as suggested – and is it necessary? What should be the balance between adaption and mitigation?

Assignment 6:

Research and describe how the transport system could be improved to be more sustainable in the city where you live.
Try to stress locally available resources and opportunities for development (tools and resources only available in your town, county or part of the country)

Assignment 7:

Select a Clean Technology of your interest (recycling, renewable energy, information technology, green transportation, electric motors, green chemistry, lighting…).
Related with this technology:
– Describe why it is “clean”, and how it is working.
– Give your opinion regarding the potential of this clean technology to “change the world”

Assignment 8:

Prepare a small paper (not more than 6 pages) that contains your suggestions and plan to solve the problem of the hot spot that is on the top of the priority list. Since there can be  any solutions for the same water resources management problem, consider that there is not only one single correct answer and be creative.

Click here to download (NB: You should register first)

[download id=”7″]